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It has recently been proposed by Nayeri, Brandenberger and Vafa, that the thermodynamics of strings in the early universe can provide us with a causal mechanism to generate a scale invariant spectrum of primordial density fluctuations, without requiring an intervening epoch of inflation. We will review this mechanism, and report on more recent work which has uncovered several observational consequences of the NBV mechanism, some of which in principle, will be distinguishable from the generic predictions of inflation.

We propose a new brane world scenario. In our model, the Universe starts as a small bulk filled with a dense gas of branes. The bulk is bounded by two orbifold fixed planes. An initial stage of isotropic expansion ends once a weak potential between the orbifold fixed planes begins to dominate, leading to contraction of the extra spatial dimensions. Depending on the form of the potential, one may obtain either a non-inflationary scenario which solves the entropy and horizon problem, or an improved brane-antibrane inflation model.

Perspective, anamorph, anamorphic picture, mathematics, \'The ambassadors by Holbein\',\'A dog by Marolois\', Anamorphs by Erhard Schon\'

Radiation Delivery, cancer, radiation therapy, electron, isocentre, planned target volume, adaptive radiotherapy, multi-leaf collimator, energy deposition, multi-beam delivery, intensity modulation, optimal radiation treatment, matrix inversion, inverse planning optimization, symmetries, fast inverse dose optimization